Al2O3 suav nrog 310S txheej txheem casting. Qhov tsawg dua lawv, qhov qis dua qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab qhov nyuaj dua lawv tshem tawm. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias qhov muaj zog ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom deoxidation, qhov siab dua qhov melting point, qhov sib koom ua ke ntau dua, thiab lawv cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog nrog cov kua hlau. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias lub refractory khoom hais ntev npaum li ntev raws li muaj txaus interfacial nro, nws muaj peev xwm ntab los ntawm cov hlau mus rau lub slag txheej ntawm ib tug ceev ceev ceev, uas yog hais tias, muaj ntau zog deoxidizer deoxidizing khoom yog yooj yim rau ntab thiab tshem tawm. Tus nqi melting kuj nyob ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tus nqi. Qhov tsis kam ntawm 0.20 feem pua carbon steel yog 6 npaug ntawm tooj liab, thaum ntawm 0.90 feem pua carbon steel yog l4 npaug ntawm tooj liab. Tus nqi tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog lub voj voog thib ob ntawm tam sim no raws li Joule txoj cai: b. High carbon, tsawg phosphorus. Yog tias tsis muaj ntawv tso cai rau kev xaiv slag, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm no ntxiv rau kev siv cov hmoov txau dephosphorization, tuaj yeem siv decarbonization boiling, thiab dephosphorization hauv decarbonization. Hlau castings yog cov khoom ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, zoo ib yam li cov khoom cam khwb cia hlau tab sis muaj zog dua cam khwb cia hlau. Nyob rau hauv casting, steel castings muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li porosity defects thiab qhov tsis raug lub kaum sab xis, uas yuav ua rau lub plhaub tawg hauv kev siv mus ntev. Yuav kom tag nrho deoxygenate molten steel, calcium carbide slag yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau 20 ~ 30min. Yog tias calcium carbide slag siv los tsim cov hlau, cov pa roj carbon dawb hauv cov slag tseem yuav ua kom tiav cov pa roj carbon steel. Calcium carbide slag tau muab faib ua calcium carbide slag tsis muaj zog (CaC21 feem pua ~ 1.5 feem pua) thiab muaj zog calcium carbide slag (CaC22 feem pua ~ 4 feem pua) vim cov ntsiab lus calcium carbide sib txawv.
Ib qho ntawm qhov zoo ntawm 310S corrosion resistant casting steel castings yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim. Kev xaiv tsim ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov castings, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom uas muaj cov duab nyuaj thiab hollow seem, tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais tsim. Nws cov duab thiab cov duab hloov yog yooj yim heev, los ntawm cov duab kos mus rau cov khoom tiav kev hloov pauv ceev ceev heev, yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov lus teb sai thiab luv lub sij hawm xa khoom. Qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov duab thiab cov qauv tsim zoo meej nrog rau cov qauv tag nrho muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov yooj yim thiab thev naus laus zis zoo ntawm steel casting tsim: Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov hlau molten tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj qhov kawg, vim qhov kub smelting kub tsis tsuas yog khib nyiab. ntau cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj eross lub qhov cub hauv ob sab phlu tiag. Rau qhov cub hluav taws xob nrog lub peev xwm loj, vim muaj qhov siab enthalpy thiab txias txias, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom cov hlau kub kub los yog cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm txo thiab cov hlau nchuav. C. Tsawg carbon, siab phosphorus.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua kom txias sai ntawm lub pas dej molten, cov ore yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv cov khoom siv, txhua pawg ntawm li 1.0 feem pua rau L.5 feem pua ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov hlau molten, thiab thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug batch ntawm ore pib tsis muaj zog, cov batch tom ntej ntawm ore yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntawm ib ntus ntawm 5 mus rau 7 feeb. Qhov sib xws thiab khaus khaus ntawm lub pas dej molten feem ntau yog tswj los ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev ntxiv ore thiab lub sij hawm ncua sij hawm. Thaum qhov kub ntawm lub pas dej molten siab, tus nqi ntawm kev ntxiv ore tsis tuaj yeem ceev heev. Yog tias cov nplaim taws tshwm nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub qhov rooj thiab lub qhov hluav taws xob, cov ore yuav tsum tau nres kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo lossis cov hlau ua haujlwm sib tsoo. Hlau casting metallurgical manufacturing muaj zog adaptability thiab variability, muaj peev xwm xaiv txawv tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv tswj, hloov mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm ntau yam dej num; Nws tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov khoom siv hauv ntau yam los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov sib txawv, thiab muaj cov khoom siv vuam zoo thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm. Molybdenum nyob rau hauv ntau tungsten steels yuav hloov ib feem ntawm tungsten nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, yog li nruj saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau cov khoom xyaw. Qee lub sij hawm cov kua hlau yog deoxidized zoo, tab sis vim yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm hydrogen hauv cov hlau, nws tseem yuav ua rau muaj kev nce siab, txheeb xyuas raws li hauv qab no: tshem tawm cov kua hlau, ib qho me me ntawm txhuas yuam deoxidization, thiab maj mam txhaj cov kua. hlau rau hauv lub khob deoxidization, yog tias tsis nce, qhia tias deoxidation tsis zoo; Yog tias nws tseem nce, cov ntsiab lus hydrogen hauv cov hlau yog siab dua.
Nws yuav tsum tau taw qhia tias tshuab los yog CO roj rau hauv lub pas dej molten tuaj yeem ua kom kub zoo, tab sis nws tsis daws qhov oxidation ntawm impurities hauv cov hlau, thiab oxidation ntawm ntau impurities yog nyob ntawm oxygen. Yog li ntawd, yog tias cov pa oxygen tsis nkag mus rau lub pas dej molten thaum lub sij hawm oxidation, argon lossis CO roj tsis tuaj yeem tshuab ib leeg, thiab cov kua hlau yuav tsis huv. Lub isotropy ntawm cam khwb cia hlau cov khoom thiab lub zog tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cam khwb cia hlau ua rau engineering kev ntseeg tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj kev sib tw ntawm tus nqi thiab kev lag luam vim nws lub teeb yuag tsim thiab lub sij hawm luv luv. Theem plaub: melting low temperature zone charge stage. Peb-theem arc zoo ib yam li qhov chaw tshav kub, thiab cov hluav taws xob thermal ntawm txhua theem tsis zoo ib yam, yog li qhov kub ntawm qhov cub tawg tsis sib xws. Feem ntau, tus nqi melting yog ceev dua nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub electrode thiab qhov chaw kub ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm 2 # electrode, thaum tus nqi melting qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub qhov rooj, lub qhov hluav taws xob steel thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub l# rauv. . Qhov thib plaub theem yog tsuas yog yaj cov nqi hauv cov khoom no.
Kev xyaum tau ua pov thawj tias tsim nyog oxygen tshuab thiab kev tsim tawm ntxov ntawm molten slag tuaj yeem suav nrog tag nrho ntab. Tom qab lub tshuab pa oxygen, vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov pa oxygen txaus, lub pas dej molten yog ib nrab boiling, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev sib tsoo thiab ntab ntawm kev suav. Lub slag tsis yog tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau dephosphorization, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem nqus cov nonmetallic inclusions zoo. Plaub, melting lub sij hawm dephosphorization ua hauj lwm melting lub sij hawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm raug, tuaj yeem tshem tawm 50 feem pua mus rau 70 feem pua ntawm cov phosphorus hauv cov hlau, cov seem phosphorus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm oxidation los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm slag thiab hlau, tsis siv neeg slag ntws, ua cov slag tshiab los yog siv cov hmoov txau dephosphorization thiab lwm txoj hauv kev kom tshem tawm mus ntxiv. Qhov hnyav ntawm steel castings txawv ntawm ntau yam. Qhov hnyav me me tuaj yeem tsuas yog kaum ntawm grams ntawm peev precision castings, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov hlau loj loj tuaj yeem ua tau ob peb tons, kaum ntawm tons lossis ntau pua tons.
310S casting txheej txheem corrosion resistant castings teeb meem tsis sib xws. Tom qab cov kua hlau yog txhaj rau hauv pwm, thawj txheej ntawm cov kua hlau nrog cov pwm phab ntsa yog sai sai solidified rau hauv cov nplej zoo vim qhov kub ceev poob. Nrog rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm phab ntsa tuag, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm phab ntsa tuag maj mam tsis muaj zog, thiab cov muaju loj hlob mus rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb sib npaug mus rau ib leeg raws cov kev taw qhia perpendicular mus rau phab ntsa tuag. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub casting, lub tshav kub dissipation tsis muaj kev taw qhia tseem ceeb, thiab muaj peev xwm loj hlob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia kom txog rau thaum ib leeg, yog li ntawd lub equiaxed siv lead ua cheeb tsam yog tsim. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov qauv hauv qhov casting tsis zoo ib yam, feem ntau hais lus, cov nplej ntau dua. Lub sijhawm no, Stokes mis tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau hauv cov qauv hauv qab no: V =Kr2 i. Melting ntawm tus nqi tom qab pib lub zog, yog qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm melting, lub melting ntawm tus nqi yog feem ntau thib ob, kev faib tawm ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov nqi yuav tsum tsim nyog.
Cov kev xyaum ntau lawm tau sau tseg: siab carbon steel melting, zoo fluidity, steel kub yuav tsum qis dua, qis carbon steel kub yuav tsum siab dua; Viscosity, xws li high chromium steel, steel kub yuav tsum siab dua, thiab fluidity los yog corrosion ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refractory, xws li siab silicon steel, siab manganese steel los yog siab manganese high silicon steel, steel kub yuav tsum qis dua; Kev tswj kub ntawm cov hlau alloy siab nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus alloying thiab impurities yuav tsum siab dua, thaum tswj qhov kub ntawm cov hlau alloy steel yuav tsum qis dua. Cov ntaub so ntswg tsis ntom. Lub crystallization ntawm kua hlau yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ceg, thiab cov kua kub ntawm cov ceg solidifies. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau sau tag nrho cov ceg ntoo nrog hlau, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm castings. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua hlau txhaj rau hauv cov pwm tuaj yeem tsim cov kab noj hniav los yog cov kab noj hniav yog tias nws qhov ntim tau qis thaum lub sij hawm txias thiab solidification yam tsis muaj kev ntxiv txaus. Cov graphite nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv loj loj flake, pob los yog lwm yam zoo li, uas kuj yuav suav hais tias yog ib tug uncompact qauv. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov hlau no yog cov hlau molten tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm slag, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txo qhov kub ntawm cov hlau, tab sis kuj tswj cov oxidation theem nrab thiab nqus cov hlau molten. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov non-metallic inclusions raug tshem tawm hauv cov hlau tuaj yeem ntxuav tag nrho los ntawm slag, uas yog qhov zoo rau ntab thiab tshem tawm, thiab tuaj yeem ntxiv deoxidized thiab desulfurized los ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Yog li ntawd, hom hlau no ntau dua.
Qhov saum npoo ntawm corrosion-resistant castings yog ntxhib. Qhov saum npoo yog feem ntau ntxhib thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm, thiab cov duab yog qhov nyuaj dua. Feem ntau, feem ntau cov hlau oxides boil ntawm cov hlau qhov kub, xws li M0 qhov kub ntawm 4800 degree , thiab M003. Lub boiling point ntawm tsuas yog ll00 degree, yog li cov volatilization ntawm ntau cov hlau oxides feem ntau precedes tus ncaj volatilization ntawm lub caij. Muaj ntau cov hlau oxides hauv cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov plua plav tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj rau qhov cub lossis lub qhov hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm melting, feem ntau yog Fe203. Qhov no yog vim hais tias hlau occupies ib feem ntawm tus nqi thiab vapor siab ntawm cov kua hlau kuj loj, yog li cov pa luam yeeb thiab plua plav tawm thaum lub sij hawm melting feem ntau yog xim liab.
